Umuriroguhuza ibipimo bigira uruhare runini muguhuza sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro kwisi yose. Ihuriro risanzwe ryongera ubushobozi bwo kuzimya umuriro mu kwemerera guhuza hagati ya hose n'ibikoresho. Batezimbere kandi umutekano mugihe cyihutirwa no guteza imbere ubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Abakora nka Yuyao Uruganda rwibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro ku isi batanga umusanzu muriyi mbaraga batanga umusaruro wizewefire hose reelsisitemu, hose reel kabine, nafire hose reel & cabinetibisubizo bihuye nibipimo byisi.
Ibyingenzi
- Umuriroguhuza amategekomenya neza ko ama hose ahurira hamwe kwisi yose. Ibi bifasha kurinda abantu umutekano no kwihutisha akazi mugihe cyihutirwa.
- Kumenyaitandukaniro muburyo bwa hosenudodo mubice bitandukanye nibyingenzi mukuzimya umuriro mubindi bihugu.
- Gukoresha amategeko asanzwe nka NFPA 1963 no kugura adapteri birashobora gufasha amakipi yumuriro gukemura ibibazo bikwiye kandi bigakora vuba.
Gusobanukirwa Ibipimo Byumuriro Hose
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo guhuza umuriro Hose?
Ibipimo byo guhuza umuriro bisobanura ibisobanuro bihuza ama hose nibikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byemeza guhuza sisitemu zitandukanye, bigatuma abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bakora neza mugihe cyihutirwa. Zikubiyemo ibintu nkubwoko bwurudodo, ibipimo, nibikoresho, bitandukanye mubice. Kurugero ,.BS336 Guhuza ako kanyaikoreshwa cyane mu Bwongereza na Irilande, mu gihe Bogdan Coupler isanzwe mu Burusiya.
| Ubwoko bwo guhuza | Ibiranga | Ibipimo / Ikoreshwa |
|---|---|---|
| BS336 Ako kanya | Bisa nibikoresho bya camlock, biboneka muri 1 + 1⁄2-na 2 + 1⁄2. | Ikoreshwa n’Ubwongereza, Irilande, Nouvelle-Zélande, Umuhinde, na Hong Kong. |
| Bogdan Coupler | Guhuza ibitsina, kuboneka mubunini DN 25 kugeza DN 150. | Byasobanuwe na GOST R 53279-2009, ikoreshwa mu Burusiya. |
| Guillemin | Ikigereranyo, igihembwe-cyo gufunga, kiboneka mubikoresho bitandukanye. | Bisanzwe EN14420-8 / NF E 29-572, ikoreshwa mubufaransa no mububiligi. |
| Umutwe wa Hose | Bikunze kugaragara muri Amerika, biranga imigozi igororotse yumugabo nigitsina gore hamwe na kashe ya gasike. | Azwi nkurwego rwigihugu rusanzwe (NST). |
Ibipimo ngenderwaho bigira uruhare runini muguharanira ko umuriro w’umuriro ushobora koherezwa vuba kandi neza, hatitawe ku karere cyangwa ibikoresho byakoreshejwe.
Uruhare rwibipimo mu kurinda umuriro no gukora neza
Ibipimo byo kuzimya umuriro byongera umutekano nibikorwa bikora mugihe cyo kuzimya umuriro. Zirinda kumeneka no kwemeza guhuza igihe kirekire, kugabanya ibyago byo kunanirwa ibikoresho mubihe bikomeye.ISO 7241, nkurugero, yemeza guhuza no kuramba, byoroshya kohereza byihuse umuriro wumuriro.
| Icyerekezo | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Bisanzwe | ISO 7241 |
| Uruhare | Iremeza guhuza no kuramba byumuriro wa hose |
| Inyungu | Yorohereza kohereza vuba kandi irinda kumeneka mugihe cyo kuzimya umuriro |
Mugukurikiza aya mahame, abayikora nka Yuyao Uruganda rwibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro ku isi bigira uruhare mu bikorwa byo kuzimya umuriro ku isi. Ibicuruzwa byabo bihuye nibisabwa mpuzamahanga, byemeza kwizerwa no guhuza sisitemu zitandukanye.
Ubwoko bwumuriro wa Hose
Ihuriro rifatanije hamwe no gutandukana kwakarere
Guhuza insanganyamatsiko biri mubwoko bukoreshwa cyane muri sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro. Ihuriro ryishingikiriza kumutwe wigitsina gabo nigitsina gore kugirango habeho guhuza umutekano hagati ya hose nibikoresho. Ariko, itandukaniro ryakarere mubipimo byurudodo birashobora gutera ingorane zo guhuza. Kurugero, Ihuriro ryumuyoboro wigihugu (NPT) rikoreshwa mubisanzwe muri rusange, hamweubunini buri hagati ya 4 na 6. Urwego rwigihugu rusanzwe (NST), ubundi buryo bukunzwe, mubusanzwe ni santimetero 2,5. I New York na New Jersey, ibipimo byihariye nka New York Corporate Thread (NYC) hamwe n’ishami ry’umuriro wa New York (NYFD / FDNY) biriganje.
| Intara / Bisanzwe | Ubwoko bwo guhuza | Ingano |
|---|---|---|
| Jenerali | Umuyoboro wigihugu (NPT) | 4 ″ cyangwa 6 ″ |
| Jenerali | Urwego rw'igihugu rusanzwe (NST) | 2.5 ″ |
| New York / New Jersey | Urubuga rwa New York (NYC) | Biratandukanye |
| Umujyi wa New York | Ishami ry’umuriro wa New York (NYFD / FDNY) | 3 ″ |
Ihindagurika ryerekana akamaro ko gusobanukirwa ibipimo byakarere mugihe uhitamo amashanyarazi ya firenze kubikorwa mpuzamahanga.
Ihuriro rya Storz: Ihame rusange
Ihuriro rya Storz ryamenyekanye cyane nkurwego rwisi yose kubera igishushanyo cyihariye kandi gihindagurika. Bitandukanye nududodo twahujwe, Storz ihuza igaragaramo igishushanyo mbonera, kidafunze-cyemerera guhuza byihuse kandi byoroshye mubyerekezo byombi. Ubu bushobozi bugaragaza agaciro ntangere mugihe cyihutirwa, aho buri segonda ibara.
- Ibyiza byingenzi bya Storz:
- Ubushobozi bwihuse bworohereza uburyo bwihuse bwo kohereza umuriro.
- Guhuza mubunini butandukanye byongera imiterere yabyo.
- Kurwanya ibintu bidukikije byemeza kwizerwa mubihe bitandukanye.
- Ubwubatsi bwa aluminiyumu bugabanya ibyago byo kumeneka.
- Ihuriro rya Storz rirashobora guhuzwa mubyerekezo byombi, koroshya imikoreshereze yabo mubihe byumuvuduko mwinshi.
- Kuborohereza guterana no gusenya bituma bahitamo abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro kwisi yose.
Ibiranga bituma guhuza Storz ari ikintu cyingenzi muri sisitemu zigezweho zo kuzimya umuriro.
Ubundi bwoko busanzwe bwo guhuza umuriro
Usibye guhuza hamwe na Storz, ubundi bwoko bwinshi bukoreshwa cyane mukuzimya umuriro. Urugero rwa Guillemin, rurazwi cyane mubufaransa no mububiligi. Ihuriro rifitanye isano rikoresha uburyo bwa kane bwo guhinduranya umutekano. Urundi rugero ni BS336 Guhuza ako kanya, byiganje mu Bwongereza na Irilande. Igishushanyo mbonera cyamafoto yerekana neza kandi yizewe.
Buri bwoko bwo guhuza bukora ibintu byihariye mukarere cyangwa ibikorwa, bishimangira akamaro ko guhitamo guhuza neza akazi. Abakora nka Yuyao Uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro ku isi bigira uruhare runini mu kubyara ibicuruzwa byiza byujuje ibisabwa bitandukanye, byemeza guhuza no kwizerwa muri sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro ku isi.
Inzitizi muburyo bwo guhuza isi yose hamwe na Fire Hose Couplings
Itandukaniro ryakarere mukarere no mubisobanuro
Ibipimo byo guhuza umuriro biratandukanye cyane mukarere, bigatera ibibazo kubufatanye bwisi. Ibihugu bikunze guteza imbere ibisobanuro byihariye bishingiye kubikenewe byo kuzimya umuriro, ibikorwa remezo, hamwe nibikorwa byamateka. Kurugero, guhuza BS336 ako kanya bikoreshwa cyane mubwongereza, mugihe National Standard Thread (NST) yiganje muri Amerika. Ihitamo ryakarere rituma bigora ishami ryumuriro gukorana mumahanga cyangwa kugabana ibikoresho mugihe cyihutirwa.
Icyitonderwa:Itandukaniro ry’akarere mu bipimo rishobora kubangamira ibikorwa byo kuzimya umuriro ku mipaka, cyane cyane mu gihe cy’ibiza binini bisaba ubufasha mpuzamahanga.
Ababikora bagomba kugendana nuburyo butandukanye kugirango batange amahuriro yujuje ibisabwa bitandukanye. Ibigo bimwe, nka Yuyao Uruganda rwibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro ku isi, bikemura iki kibazo bitanga ibicuruzwa bihuye n’ibipimo byinshi. Uburyo bwabo buteganya ko amazu y’umuriro ashobora koherezwa neza mu turere dutandukanye, bigateza imbere kuzimya umuriro ku isi.
Guhindagurika muburyo bwinsanganyamatsiko nubunini
Ubwoko bwinsanganyamatsiko nibipimo byerekana indi mbogamizi ikomeye kubufatanye bwisi. Umuriro wa fire hose ushingiye kumutwe wuzuye kugirango uhuze umutekano, ariko izi nsanganyamatsiko ziratandukanye cyane mukarere. Urugero:
- Umuyoboro wigihugu (NPT):Bikunze kugaragara muri porogaramu rusange, zirimo ududodo twafashwe kugirango dushyireho ikimenyetso.
- Urwego rw'igihugu rusanzwe (NST):Ikoreshwa mukuzimya umuriro, hamwe nududodo tugororotse hamwe no gufunga gasike.
- Ishami ry’umuriro wa New York (NYFD):Ntibisanzwe mu mujyi wa New York, bisaba adapteri yihariye.
| Ubwoko bw'insanganyamatsiko | Ibiranga | Uturere dukoreshwa |
|---|---|---|
| NPT | Ududodo twafashe kugirango dufungwe neza | Porogaramu rusange kwisi yose |
| NST | Urudodo rugororotse hamwe na kashe ya gaze | Amerika |
| NYFD | Insanganyamatsiko zihariye zo kuzimya umuriro wa NYC | Umujyi wa New York |
Ihindagurika rigora ibikoresho byimikorere. Inzego zishinzwe kuzimya umuriro akenshi zishingiye kuri adaptate kugirango ikemure icyuho kiri hagati yinsanganyamatsiko zidahuye, ariko ibi byongera igihe kandi bigoye mugihe cyihutirwa. Ababikora bagomba gushyira imbere ubwubatsi bwuzuye kugirango ibicuruzwa byabo byuzuze ibisabwa bitandukanye.
Ibipimo n'ibihe biramba mu turere twose
Ibikoresho nibikoresho biramba kubijyanye no kuzimya umuriro biratandukanye ukurikije ibidukikije nibisabwa. Mu turere dufite ubushyuhe bukabije cyangwa ubuhehere bukabije, guhuza bigomba kwihanganira ibihe bibi bitabangamiye imikorere. Urugero:
- Uburayi:Abashakanye bakunze gukoresha aluminiyumu mpimbano kugirango irambe.
- Aziya:Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bikundwa kubirwanya kwangirika kwikirere.
- Amerika y'Amajyaruguru:Guhuza imiringa birasanzwe kubera imbaraga no kwizerwa.
| Intara | Ibikoresho byatoranijwe | Inyungu z'ingenzi |
|---|---|---|
| Uburayi | Aluminium yahimbwe | Umucyo muremure kandi uramba |
| Aziya | Ibyuma | Kurwanya ruswa |
| Amerika y'Amajyaruguru | Umuringa | Mukomere kandi wizewe |
Ibyifuzo byibanze byerekana ibyihutirwa mukarere ariko bigora uburinganire bwisi. Ababikora nka Yuyao Uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro ku isi bakemura iki kibazo bakoresheje ibikoresho byiza byujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga. Ibicuruzwa byabo byemeza imikorere yizewe mubidukikije bitandukanye, bishyigikira ibikorwa byo kuzimya umuriro ku isi.
Ibisubizo kugirango tugere ku isi yose
Kwemeza ibipimo rusange nka NFPA 1963
Ibipimo rusange, nka NFPA 1963, bigira uruhare runini mugushikira isi yose guhuza umuriro wa hose. Ibipimo ngenderwaho bishyiraho ibisobanuro bimwe kumutwe, ibipimo, nibikoresho, byemeza imikoranire idahwitse hagati ya sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro kwisi yose. Mugukurikiza aya mabwiriza, abayikora barashobora kubyara ibintu byujuje ibisabwa mpuzamahanga, bikagabanya ibyago byo kudahuza mugihe cyihutirwa.
NFPA 1963, nkurugero, itanga ibisobanuro birambuye kubijyanye no guhuza umuriro, harimo ubwoko bwurudodo hamwe nigishushanyo mbonera. Ibipimo ngenderwaho byemeza ko guhuza uturere dutandukanye bishobora guhuza umutekano, byorohereza ibikorwa byo kuzimya umuriro. Abahinguzi nka Yuyao Uruganda rukora ibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro ku isi bahuza ibicuruzwa byabo n’ibipimo rusange, bigira uruhare mu bikorwa byo kuzimya umuriro ku isi.
Gukoresha Adapters hamwe nibikoresho byo guhindura
Adapteri nibikoresho byo guhindura bitanga ibisubizo bifatika kubibazo byo guhuza sisitemu yo kuzimya umuriro. Ibi bikoresho bikuraho icyuho kiri hagati yuburinganire nubwoko butandukanye cyangwa ibipimo bitandukanye, bigafasha abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro guhuza ama hose nibikoresho bidahwitse.
Inkongi y'umuriro ya Oakland Hills mu 1991 irashimangira akamaro ka adapt. Abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bahuye na hydrants hamweIhuza rya santimetero 3 aho kuba ubunini busanzwe bwa 1/2. Uku kudahuza kwadindije igisubizo cyabo, bituma umuriro ukwirakwira vuba. Adaptateri ikwiye yashoboraga kugabanya iki kibazo, ikagaragaza uruhare rwabo mukuzimya umuriro.
- Inyungu zingenzi za Adaptor nibikoresho byo guhindura:
- Gushoboza guhuza hagati yubwoko butandukanye bwo guhuza.
- Mugabanye ibihe byo gusubiza mugihe cyihutirwa.
- Kongera imikorere ikora kubashinzwe kuzimya umuriro.
Mugushora imari muburyo bwiza bwo guhuza imiterere, ishami ry’umuriro rishobora gutsinda itandukaniro ry’akarere mu bipimo kandi ikemeza ko ibintu byose byiteguye.
Gutezimbere Ubufatanye Mpuzamahanga Mubakora
Ubufatanye mubakora ningirakamaro mugutezimbere kwisi yose muri sisitemu yumuriro. Mugusangira ubumenyi numutungo, ibigo birashobora guteza imbere ibisubizo bishya bikemura ibibazo bitandukanye mukarere. Imbaraga zihuriweho nazo ziteza imbere kwemeza amabwiriza rusange, nka NFPA 1963, mu nganda zose.
Abahinguzi nka Yuyao Uruganda rwibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro murugero rwubu buryo. Ubwitange bwabo kubyara amahuriro yujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga bwerekana ubushobozi bwimbaraga. Ubufatanye hagati yinganda, inzego zishinzwe kugenzura, n’ishami ry’umuriro birashobora kurushaho kunoza ubwuzuzanye, bigatuma gahunda yo kuzimya umuriro ikomeza kuba ingirakamaro mu karere ako ari ko kose.
Inama: Ishami rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro rigomba gushyira imbere gukorana ninganda zigira uruhare rugaragara mubikorwa mpuzamahanga. Ibi bituma habaho ibikoresho byizewe kandi bihuye.
Inyigo: Storz Couplings muri sisitemu ya Fire Hose
Igishushanyo Ibiranga Storz
Ihuriro rya Storz rizwi cyane kubishushanyo mbonera no gukora neza. Ubwubatsi bwabo bufatika, butagira igitsina butuma habaho guhuza byihuse kandi byumutekano bitabaye ngombwa guhuza impera zumugabo numugore. Iyi mikorere igabanya cyane ibihe byo gusubiza mugihe cyihutirwa. Ba injeniyeri basesenguye moderi ya isothermal yuburyo bwa Storz kugirango basuzume imikorere yabo mubihe bitandukanye.
| Icyerekezo | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Icyitegererezo | Moderi ya Isothermal yo guhuza Storz ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi ya hose |
| Diameter | Diameter ya nomero ya mm 65 (NEN 3374) |
| Intera | Kuva kuri F = 2 kN (umuvuduko wamazi) kugeza ibihe bikabije hamwe na F = 6 kN |
| Ibikoresho | Aluminium alloy EN AW6082 (AlSi1MgMn), kuvura T6 |
| Isesengura | Guhangayikishwa no kugabana, ntarengwa von Mises ihangayitse |
| Gusaba | Gutezimbere imikorere mukuzimya umuriro, cyane cyane sisitemu yinyanja |
Gukoresha imbaraga za aluminiyumu ikomeye cyane itanga igihe kirekire mugihe ikomeza imiterere yoroheje. Ibiranga bituma guhuza Storz guhitamo kwizewe kubikorwa bigezweho byo kuzimya umuriro.
Kwakira kwisi yose hamwe ninyungu zo guhuza
Kwisi yose kwakirwa kwa Storz byerekana inyungu zabyo. Abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro ku isi hose baha agaciro ibyabogushushanya byihuse, ituma hose ihuza mumasegonda atanu. Sisitemu gakondo akenshi ifata amasegonda arenga 30, bigatuma guhuza Storz bihindura umukino-uhindura ibihe.
- Inyungu zingenzi zo kwakirwa kwisi yose:
- Ibihe byo gusubiza byihuse mugihe cyihutirwa.
- Amahugurwa yoroshye kubashinzwe kuzimya umuriro kubera igishushanyo mbonera.
- Kunoza imikoranire hagati yamakipe mpuzamahanga yo kuzimya umuriro.
Gukoresha kwinshi mu Burayi, Aziya, no muri Amerika ya Ruguru byerekana byinshi kandi bikora neza mubidukikije.
Amasomo yo Kuringaniza kuva Storz Couplings
Intsinzi ya Storz ihuza itanga amasomo yingirakamaro kubikoresho byo kuzimya umuriro. Igishushanyo mbonera cyabo gikuraho ibikenerwa na adapt, bigabanya ibintu bigoye mugihe cyihutirwa. Ababikora barashobora gukura imbaraga muri ubu buryo kugirango bateze imbere izindiIbigize bisanzwe.
Ihuriro rya Storz naryo ryibanda ku kamaro keza keza kandi karamba. Mugukurikiza ibisobanuro bihamye, byemeza imikorere ihamye mubihe bitandukanye. Uku kwiyemeza ubuziranenge ni urugero rwo guhanga udushya muri sisitemu ya fire hose.
Inama zifatika zishami ryumuriro kubijyanye no kuzimya umuriro
Guhitamo Umuriro Ukwiye Hose
Guhitamo inkongi yumuriro ikwiye ningirakamaro kugirango ubyemezeimikorere myizan'umutekano. Inzego zishinzwe kuzimya umuriro zigomba gusuzuma guhuza hamwe nibikoresho bihari hamwe nuburinganire bwakarere. Kurugero, amashami akorera muri Reta zunzubumwe zamerika arashobora gushira imbere guhuza ibipimo ngenderwaho byigihugu (NST), mugihe abo muburayi bashobora guhitamo Storz guhuza ibishushanyo mbonera byabo. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo guhuza bigira uruhare runini. Aluminium yoroheje kandi iramba, ituma biba byiza koherezwa byihuse, mugihe umuringa utanga imbaraga zisumba izindi zikoreshwa cyane. Amashami agomba kandi gusuzuma ingano nubwoko bwurudodo kugirango yizere ko bihuza mugihe cyihutirwa.
Imyitozo isanzwe no kugenzura
Kubungabunga neza no kugenzura nibyingenzi mugukomeza kwizerwa kwumuriro wa hose. Inzego zishinzwe kuzimya umuriro zigomba gushyira mubikorwa gahunda yo kugenzura kugirango hamenyekane ibibazo bishobora kuba mbere yuko byiyongera.
| Ibipimo by'Ubugenzuzi | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Ntakumirwa | Menya neza ko hose ya valve idahagaritswe nibintu byose. |
| Ingofero na gaseke | Menya neza ko imipira yose hamwe na gaseke biri neza. |
| Kwangiza | Reba ibyangiritse kuri connexion. |
| Igikoresho cya Valve | Kugenzura ikiganza cya valve kubimenyetso byose byangiritse. |
| Kumeneka | Menya neza ko valve idatemba. |
| Igikoresho cy'ingutu | Emeza ko igikoresho kigabanya umuvuduko kiri. |
Amashami agomba kandi kotsa igitutu urwego rwateganijwe, kugumana umuvuduko mugihe cyagenwe, no kureba ibimeneka cyangwa ibibyimba. Kwandika ibi bizamini byerekana kubazwa kandi bigafasha gukurikirana imiterere yibikoresho mugihe.
Guhugura abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro kubijyanye no guhuza no guhuza
Amahugurwa akwiye aha abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro nubuhanga bukenewe kugirango bahuze ubwoko butandukanye. Amashami agomba gukora amahugurwa ahoraho kugirango amenyeshe abakozi imikorere yimikorere itandukanye, nkibishushanyo mbonera na Storz. Amahugurwa agomba kandi gushimangira akamaro ko kugenzura guhuza ibyangiritse no kwemeza guhuza nibindi bikoresho. Ibihe byihutirwa byihutirwa birashobora gufasha abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro kwitoza guhuza ingofero mukibazo, kunoza igihe cyo gusubiza mugihe kibaye. Mugushora imari mumahugurwa yuzuye, ishami ryumuriro rirashobora kongera ubushake kandi rikanakoresha neza sisitemu yumuriro.
Ibipimo byo guhuza umuriro bigira uruhare runini muguhuza isi yose. Bongera umutekano, batezimbere imikorere, kandi bashoboze ubufatanye mpuzamahanga. Ibipimo byorohereza ibikoresho gukorana, kugabanya gutinda mugihe cyihutirwa. Ababikora nka Yuyao Uruganda rwibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro ku isi batanga umusanzu ugaragara mugutanga ibisubizo byujuje ubuziranenge, bihuza isi yose byujuje ibisabwa bitandukanye mukarere.
Ibibazo
Ni ubuhe buryo bukoreshwa cyane mu guhuza umuriro ku isi?
Ibipimo bisanzwe cyane birimo BS336 (UK), NST (US), na Storz (kwisi). Buri gipimo cyemeza guhuza n'umutekano kubikorwa byo kuzimya umuriro mukarere kayo.
Nigute abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bashobora kwemeza guhuza amakipe mpuzamahanga azimya umuriro?
Ishami rishinzwe kuzimya umuriro rishobora gukoresha adapteri, gukurikiza ibipimo rusange nka NFPA 1963, no guhugura abakozi kubijyanye no guhuza ibice kugirango habeho ubufatanye butagira ingano mugihe cyihutirwa mpuzamahanga.
Inama: Gufatanya nabakora nka Yuyao Uruganda rwibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro ku isi bituma ibikoresho bigera ku isi.
Kuki guhuza Storz bifatwa nkibipimo byisi yose?
Kubika Storzbiranga igishushanyo mbonera, gishobora guhuza byihuse nta guhuza. Kuramba kwabo no kuborohereza kubikoresha bituma biba byiza muburyo butandukanye bwo kuzimya umuriro kwisi yose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-24-2025