Abashinzwe kuzimya umuriro bakoresha ifuro yo mu mazi (AFFF) kugira ngo bafashe kuzimya umuriro utoroshye kurwana, cyane cyane umuriro urimo peteroli cyangwa andi mazi yaka umuriro ‚uzwi ku izina rya B. Ariko, impumu zose zo kuzimya umuriro ntabwo zashyizwe muri AFFF.

Bimwe mubikorwa bya AFFF birimo urwego rwimiti izwi nkaibimera (PFC)kandi ibi byateje impungenge kubishoborakwanduza amazi yo mu butakainkomoko yo gukoresha abakozi ba AFFF irimo PFC.

Muri Gicurasi 2000 ,.Isosiyete 3Myavuze ko itazongera kubyara PFOS (perfluorooctanesulphonate) ishingiye kuri flurosurfactants ikoresheje inzira ya electrochemic flouorination. Mbere yibi, PFCs yakunze gukoreshwa mu ifuro yo kuzimya umuriro ni PFOS n'ibiyikomokaho.

AFFF izimya vuba umuriro wa lisansi, ariko irimo PFAS, igereranya ibintu bya polyfluoroalkyl. Umwanda umwe wa PFAS ukomoka ku gukoresha ifuro yo kuzimya umuriro. (Ifoto / Base ihuriweho na San Antonio)

INGINGO ZIFitanye isano

Urebye 'ibisanzwe bisanzwe' kubikoresho byumuriro

Uburozi bwa 'amayobera ifuro' hafi ya Detroit yari PFAS - ariko kuva he?

Ifuro yumuriro ikoreshwa mumahugurwa muri Conn. Irashobora guteza ubuzima bukomeye, ibidukikije

Mu myaka mike ishize, inganda zo kuzimya umuriro zavuye muri PFOS n’ibiyikomokaho bitewe n’igitutu cy’amategeko. Abo bakora inganda bateje imbere kandi bazana ku isoko ifuro ryo kuzimya umuriro ridakoresha fluorochemicals, ni ukuvuga ko idafite fluor.

Abakora ifuro ridafite fluorine bavuga ko aya mafuti atagira ingaruka nke kubidukikije kandi byujuje ibyemezo mpuzamahanga kubisabwa byo kuzimya umuriro ndetse n’ibiteganijwe ku bakoresha. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, hakomeje kubaho impungenge z’ibidukikije ku bijyanye no kuzimya umuriro kandi ubushakashatsi kuri iyo ngingo burakomeje.

BITEKEREZO MU GUKORESHA AFFF?

Impungenge zishingiye ku ngaruka mbi zishobora guterwa ku bidukikije biturutse ku gusohora ibisubizo byinshi (guhuza amazi hamwe n’ibintu byinshi). Ibibazo byibanze ni uburozi, ibinyabuzima byangirika, gutsimbarara, gufata neza ibihingwa bitunganya amazi mabi hamwe nintungamubiri zubutaka. Ibi byose bitera impungenge mugihe ibisubizo byifuro bigezesisitemu y'amazi karemano cyangwa murugo.

Iyo PFC irimo AFFF ikoreshwa inshuro nyinshi ahantu hamwe mugihe kinini, PFCs irashobora kuva mumyuka ikajya mubutaka hanyuma ikajya mumazi yubutaka. Ingano ya PFC yinjira mumazi yubutaka biterwa nubwoko nubunini bwa AFFF yakoreshejwe, aho yakoreshejwe, ubwoko bwubutaka nibindi bintu.

Niba amariba yigenga cyangwa rusange aherereye hafi, birashobora kwanduzwa na PFC kuva aho AFFF yakoreshejwe. Dore reba ibyo Ishami ry’ubuzima rya Minnesota ryasohoye; ni imwe muri leta nyinshikwipimisha kwanduza.

Ati: “Mu mwaka wa 2008-2011, Ikigo gishinzwe kurwanya umwanda wa Minnesota (MPCA) cyagerageje ubutaka, amazi yo hejuru, amazi yo mu butaka, hamwe n'ubutaka ku bibanza 13 bya AFFF hirya no hino. Basanze urwego rwo hejuru rwa PFC kuri zimwe mu mbuga, ariko akenshi wasangaga umwanda utagize ingaruka ku gace kanini cyangwa ngo ugire ingaruka ku bantu cyangwa ku bidukikije. Ibibanza bitatu - Ikigo cy’ingabo zirinda umutekano wa Duluth, Ikibuga cy’indege cya Bemidji, n’Ishuri Rikuru ry’imyitozo y’umuriro w’iburengerazuba - byagaragaye aho PFC yari imaze gukwirakwira bihagije ku buryo ishami ry’ubuzima rya Minnesota na MPCA ryiyemeje kugerageza amariba atuye hafi.

Ati: "Ibi birashoboka cyane kuba hafi y’aho AFFF irimo PFC yakoreshejwe inshuro nyinshi, nkahantu ho guhugura umuriro, ibibuga byindege, inganda, n’inganda zikora imiti. Ntabwo bishoboka cyane ko biva mugihe kimwe cyo gukoresha AFFF mukurwanya umuriro, keretse hakoreshejwe umubare munini wa AFFF. Nubwo bamwe bazimya umuriro ushobora gutwara bashobora gukoresha AFFF irimo PFC, inshuro imwe gukoresha ayo mafaranga make ntibishobora guteza akaga amazi yo mu butaka. ”

INGINGO Z'AMAFARANGA

Gusohora ifuro / igisubizo cyamazi birashoboka cyane ko ari ibisubizo byimwe cyangwa byinshi muribi bikurikira:

• Intoki zo kuzimya umuriro cyangwa ibikorwa byo gutwika amavuta;
• Imyitozo yo guhugura aho ifuro ikoreshwa muri ssenariyo;
• Sisitemu y'ibikoresho bya kopi n'ibizamini by'imodoka; cyangwa
• Sisitemu ihamye irekura.

Ahantu aho kimwe cyangwa byinshi muribi bishobora kuba harimo ibikoresho byindege hamwe n’amahugurwa azimya umuriro. Ibikoresho byihariye bishobora guteza akaga, nk'ububiko bw’ibikoresho byaka / bishobora guteza akaga, ububiko bw’amazi menshi ashobora kubikwa hamwe n’ububiko bw’imyanda ishobora guteza akaga, nabwo bukora urutonde.

Nibyiza cyane gukusanya ibisubizo nyuma yo gukoreshwa mubikorwa byo kuzimya umuriro. Usibye igice cya furo ubwacyo, ifuro rishobora kuba ryanduye hamwe na lisansi cyangwa ibicanwa bigira uruhare mu muriro. Ibintu bisanzwe byangiza ibintu byarangiye.

Ingamba zo gukumira intoki zikoreshwa mu gusuka zirimo amazi yangiza agomba gukoreshwa mugihe ibintu byemewe nimpushya zabakozi. Ibi birimo guhagarika imiyoboro yumuyaga kugirango wirinde ifuro / amazi yanduye kwinjira muri sisitemu y’amazi cyangwa ibidukikije bitagenzuwe.

Amayeri yo kwirwanaho nko kuvoma, gutobora no kuyobya uburaro agomba gukoreshwa kugirango igisubizo kibone ifuro / amazi ahantu hakwiriye kubikwa kugeza igihe gishobora gukurwaho nu rwiyemezamirimo usukura ibikoresho byangiza.

AMAHUGURWA N'AMAFARANGA

Hano haribikoresho byabugenewe byabugenewe biboneka kubantu benshi bakora uruganda rwigana AFFF mugihe cyamahugurwa ya Live, ariko ntarimo ifu yamavuta nka PFC. Aya mafuti yo guhugura mubisanzwe arashobora kwangirika kandi bigira ingaruka nke kubidukikije; zirashobora kandi koherezwa neza muruganda rutunganya amazi mabi yo gutunganya.

Kubura ifu ya furosurfactants mumahugurwa ya furo bivuze ko ayo mafuti afite kugabanuka kwinyuma-inyuma. Kurugero, ifuro ryamahugurwa rizatanga inzitizi yambere yumwuka mumazi yaka umuriro bikavamo kuzimya, ariko icyo kiringiti cya furo kizahita kimeneka.

Nicyo kintu cyiza ukurikije umwigisha nkuko bivuze ko ushobora kuyobora imyitozo myinshi kuko wowe hamwe nabanyeshuri bawe ntutegereje ko simulator yamahugurwa yongera gutwikwa.

Imyitozo yo guhugura, cyane cyane abakoresha ifuro ryuzuye, igomba gushyiramo ingingo zo gukusanya ifuro ryakoreshejwe. Nibura, ibigo byigisha umuriro bigomba kuba bifite ubushobozi bwo gukusanya igisubizo cya furo gikoreshwa mugihe cyamahugurwa yo gusohora mumazi y’amazi.

Mbere yo gusohora, ikigo gitunganya amazi y’amazi kigomba kubimenyeshwa kandi bigahabwa ishami ry’umuriro kugirango umukozi arekurwe ku gipimo cyagenwe.

Nukuri iterambere muri sisitemu yo kwinjiza icyiciro cya A ifuro (kandi ahari chimie ya agent) izakomeza gutera imbere nkuko byagenze mumyaka icumi ishize. Ariko kubijyanye na B ya B yibumbiye hamwe, imbaraga za chimie yiterambere rya agent zisa nkizakonje mugihe cyo gushingira kubuhanga bwibanze buriho.

Gusa kuva hashyirwaho amabwiriza y’ibidukikije mu myaka icumi ishize cyangwa hafi ya AFFFs ishingiye kuri fluor, abakora ifuro yo kuzimya umuriro bafatanye uburemere ikibazo cyiterambere. Bimwe muribi bicuruzwa bitarimo fluor nibisekuru byambere nibindi bisekuru cyangwa icya gatatu.

Bazakomeza kwihinduranya haba muri chimie ya agent ndetse no kuzimya umuriro hagamijwe kugera ku bikorwa byinshi ku mazi yaka kandi yaka, kunoza uburyo bwo kurwanya inkongi y'umuriro ku mutekano w’umuriro no gutanga imyaka myinshi y’ubuzima bwa tekinike ku ifuro ikomoka kuri poroteyine.