Guhitamo ibikoresho nibyingenzi kugirango hamenyekane ubwizerwe bwa valve igwa muri sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro. Umuringa n'umuringa, bibiri bikoreshwa cyane, byerekana imiterere itandukanye yumubiri nibiranga imikorere.

• Umuringairwanya cyane ruswa, irashobora kwangirika cyane, kandi iramba, bigatuma ihitamo neza kubisabwa nka valve igororotse hamwe nigitutu kigenga ububobere.
• Umuringa, mugihe nanone irwanya ruswa, ifite ubukana bwinshi kandi igabanya igihe kirekire, bishobora gutuma ibintu byangirika mugihe runaka.

Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye ningirakamaro kugirango wizere kuramba no gukora neza kwimyanya igwa, harimo PRV naigitutu kigabanya ububiko, hirya no hino ibidukikije bitandukanye.

Ibyingenzi

• Umuringa ugura makekandi biroroshye gushiraho, bityo ikora neza kuri sisitemu yumuriro murugo hamwe na stress yo hagati.
• Umuringa urakomeye kandi urwanya ingese neza, bigatuma biba byiza ahantu hakomeye nko hafi yinyanja.
• Guhitamo ibikoresho byizakumanura indege biterwa nigihe ikoreshwa nicyo igamije kugirango umenye neza ko imara kandi ikora neza.

Ibigize Ibikoresho byo Kumanuka

Umuringa: Ibigize hamwe nibyiza

Umuringa ni umusemburo ugizwe cyane cyane n'umuringa na zinc, hamwe nuburinganire buratandukanye ukurikije ibyateganijwe. Ubusanzwe umuringa uri hagati ya 55% na 95%, mugihe zinc igizwe na 5% kugeza 45%. Ibintu byongeweho nka gurş, fer, aluminium, nikel, na arsenic byongeweho kugirango byongere ibintu byihariye.

• Kuyoboraitezimbere imashini, yorohereza umuringa gukora mugihe cyo gukora.
• Icyumabyongera imbaraga, kwemeza ko ibikoresho bishobora kwihanganira imihangayiko.
• Aluminiumnanikelkongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa, gukora umuringa ubereye ibidukikije byugarijwe nubushuhe cyangwa imiti.

Umuringa uzwiho ubuhanga budasanzwe, butuma abawukora bakora ibishushanyo mbonera byo kumanura indege. Kurwanya kwangirika kwayo kuramba muri sisitemu zo gukingira umuriro, aho kwizerwa ari ngombwa.

Umuringa: Ibigize hamwe nibyiza

Umuringa ni umusemburo ugizwe ahanini n'umuringa n'amabati, umuringa ugizwe na 88% na tini hafi 12%. Ibintu byongeweho nka aluminium, nikel, fosifore, silikoni, na manganese bikunze gushyirwaho kugirango bitezimbere imashini nubumashini.

• Aluminiumbyongera imbaraga no kurwanya ruswa, bigatuma umuringa uba mwiza kubidukikije.
• Nickelyongerera imbaraga kwanduza no kuramba muri rusange.
• FosiforeGutezimbere kwambara, kwemeza kuramba murwego rwo hejuru.
• SiliconnamanganeseGira uruhare mu mbaraga za mashini no kwihangana.

Umuringa ugaragaza imbaraga zingana kandi zirwanya ruswa cyane cyane mubidukikije. Kurugero, nikel aluminium bronze ikoreshwa cyane mubice byindege kubera imbaraga zayo zingana na 550 kugeza 900 MPa hamwe nigihe kirekire mumiterere yinyanja. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, C932 ifite umuringa, ifite imbaraga zingana na PSI zigera ku 35.000, zikoreshwa cyane mubice bya valve.

Itandukaniro ryingenzi mubigize ibikoresho

Itandukaniro ryibigize hagati yumuringa numuringa bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yumubiri no gukwira kumanuka.

Amavuta	Ibyingenzi	Ibintu byiyongereye ningaruka zabyo
Umuringa	Umuringa (88%), Amabati (12%)	Aluminium (imbaraga, kurwanya ruswa), Nickel (imbaraga, kurwanya umwanda), Fosifore (kwambara imyenda), Silicon (imbaraga), Manganese (imiterere ya mashini)
Umuringa	Umuringa (55% -95%), Zinc (5% -45%)	Isasu (machinability), Icyuma (imbaraga), Aluminium (kurwanya ruswa), Nickel (kurwanya ruswa), Arsenic (kurwanya ruswa)

Umuringa urimo ibintu byinshi bya zinc, byongera ubushobozi bwayo no gukora neza, bikoroha gukora indege zimanuka zifite ibishushanyo mbonera. Ku rundi ruhande, umuringa, wishingikiriza ku mabati no ku bindi bintu kugira ngo ugere ku mbaraga zisumba izindi kandi wambare imbaraga, bityo bikwiranye no gusaba bisaba kuramba mu gihe cyo guhangayika.

Itandukaniro ryinshi ryerekana byinshi biranga:

Ibikoresho	Umuringa (%)	Zinc (%)	Amabati (%)	Ibindi Bice
Umuringa	57% kugeza kuri 63%	35% kugeza 40%	N / A.	N / A.
Umuringa	Umuringa + Amabati	N / A.	N / A.	Nickel, Manganese (birashoboka ko byongerwaho)

Itandukaniro rishimangira akamaro ko guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo kumanura indege zishingiyeibisabwa byihariye byo gusaban'ibidukikije.

Kurwanya Ruswa muri Landing Valves

Umuringa no Kurwanya Kurwanya

Umuringa werekana uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ruswa, cyane cyane mubidukikije bifite imiti mike yimiti ikaze cyangwa ibihe bikabije. Ibirimwo byinshi bikozwe mu muringa bigizwe na oxyde ikingira iyo ihuye n'umwuka cyangwa amazi, bikarinda kwangirika. Uyu mutungo ukora umuringa ibikoresho byizewe byo kumanura indege zikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro murugo cyangwa ahantu hagenzurwa n’ibidukikije.

Kwiyongera kubintu nka aluminium na nikel byongera ubushobozi bwumuringa bwo kurwanya ruswa. Aluminium ikora urwego ruto, ruramba rwa oxyde ikingira ibintu bitarimo ubushuhe hamwe n’imiti. Ku rundi ruhande, Nickel atezimbere imyanda yangiza, yemeza ko ibikoresho bigumana isura n'imikorere mugihe. Ibiranga bituma umuringa uhitamo neza kubisabwa bisaba kuramba no gushimisha ubwiza.

Umuringa no Kurwanya Kurwanya

Umuringa utanga ikirengaKurwanya ruswa, cyane cyane mubidukikije bigoye nka marine cyangwa inganda. Ibigize, cyane cyane umuringa n'amabati, bitanga inzitizi karemano yo kurwanya okiside hamwe nubushakashatsi bwimiti. Kwinjizamo ibintu nka aluminium na fosifore bikomeza imbaraga zo kurwanya kwambara no kwangirika.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko umuringa wa nikel-aluminium (NAB) ugaragaza imbaraga zo kurwanya ruswa mu bidukikije. Iri terambere rituruka kuri microstructural ibiranga NAB / ibyuma byubatswe, cyane cyane ibyakozwe binyuze muri Wire-Arc Yongeyeho Inganda (WAAM). Ingano ntoya nubunini bwimvura κ icyiciro muri WAAM-NAB bigabanya kwangirika kwicyiciro, bigatuma imikorere myiza muri rusange. Iyi miterere ikora umuringa ibikoresho byatoranijwe kumanuka kumanuka wamazi yumunyu cyangwa ibindi bintu byangirika.

Ibidukikije bigira ingaruka kuri ruswa

Ibidukikije bigira uruhare runini muguhitamo kwangirika kw ibikoresho bikoreshwa mukumanuka. Ibintu nkubushuhe, ubushyuhe, hamwe n’imiti cyangwa amazi yumunyu birashobora kwihutisha inzira yo kwangirika. Kurugero, umuringa ukora neza mubihe byumye cyangwa bitarenze urugero ariko birashobora kwangirika vuba mubidukikije bifite umunyu mwinshi cyangwa aside irike.

Umuringa, hamwe nibigize imbaraga, bihanganira ibihe bikaze, harimo ibidukikije byo mu nyanja hamwe n’inganda zikoreshwa mu nganda. Nubwo, umuringa urashobora kwangirika iyo uhuye nurwego rukabije rwa pH cyangwa kumara igihe kinini ukoresheje imiti ikaze. Kubungabunga buri gihe no guhitamo ibikoresho neza bishingiyeibidukikijeni ngombwa kugirango hamenyekane kuramba no kwizerwa kumanuka.

Kuramba n'imbaraga za Landing Valves

Ibikoresho bya mashini yumuringa

Umuringa werekana imbaraga zidasanzwe hamwe nimbaraga, bigatuma iba ibikoresho byizewe kumanuka. Imbaraga zayo zingana mubisanzwe ziri hagati ya 200 na 550 MPa, bitewe nibigize amavuta avanze. Izi mbaraga zituma umuringa wihanganira imitekerereze idakabije idacitse cyangwa ngo ihindurwe. Byongeye kandi, imikorere yayo idahwitse yerekana ko abayikora bashobora kuyishushanya muburyo bukomeye bitabangamiye ubusugire bwayo.

Umuringa urerekana kandi uburyo bwiza bwo kwambara, cyane cyane mubutaka buke. Uyu mutungo ugabanya amahirwe yo kwangirika hejuru yigihe, byemeza imikorere ihamye. Kwinjizamo ibintu nka fer na aluminiyumu byongera imbaraga za mikoranike, bigatuma bikenerwa mubikorwa bisaba imbaraga nukuri.

Ibikoresho bya Bronze

Umuringa uzwiho imbaraga zisumba izindi no kwihangana mubihe bikomeye. Imbaraga zacyo zingana kuva kuri 300 kugeza 800 MPa, bitewe na alloy. Ibi bituma umuringa uhitamo neza kubisabwa aho kuramba ari ngombwa. Kwiyongera kwamabati nibindi bintu nka fosifore na manganese byongera imyambarire yayo, bikabasha kwihanganira gukoreshwa igihe kirekire mubidukikije bisaba.

Umuringa kandi urusha abandi gushira hejuru bitewe na coefficient nkeya yo guterana. Uyu mutungo ugabanya kwambara no kurira, kwagura igihe cyibigize. Ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukomeza ubusugire bwimiterere mubihe bikabije bituma iba ibikoresho byatoranijwe kumanuka kumanuka wagaragaye kumitwaro iremereye.

Kuramba-Kumara igihe kirekire muri Landing Valve Porogaramu

Kuramba kwigihe kirekire kumanuka kumanuka biterwa nubushobozi bwibikoresho byo kurwanya kwambara, kwangirika, no guhangayika. Ubushakashatsi ku kuramba kwa valve, nkubushakashatsi kuri transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), butanga ubushishozi bwagaciro. Kurugero, igeragezwa rya PARTNER-1 ryatangaje ko nta kwangirika kwimiterere ya valve (SVD) nyuma yimyaka itanu, mugihe ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko indwara ya SVD itera 14.9% nyuma yimyaka irindwi. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byerekana akamaro kaguhitamo ibikoresho bifite ibimenyetso bifatika birambaKuri Porogaramu.

Umuringa n'umuringa byombi biratangaimikorere miremire iyo ikoreshejwein indege. Nyamara, guhitamo byombi biterwa nuburyo bwihariye nibidukikije. Umuringa nibyiza kumaganya aringaniye hamwe nibidukikije bigenzurwa, mugihe umuringa uruta iyindi ihangayikishije cyane. Guhitamo ibikoresho neza byemeza kwizerwa no kuramba kwimyanda igwa muri sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro.

Igiciro na Machinability ya Landing Valves

Kugereranya Ibiciro: Umuringa na Bronze

Umuringa n'umuringa biratandukanye cyane mubiciro bitewe nibigize hamwe nibihari. Umuringa, ugizwe ahanini n'umuringa na zinc, usanga bihendutse. Gukoresha kwinshi mumazi no gukoresha inganda bigira uruhare mubiciro biri hasi. Umuringa, urimo umuringa n'amabati, akenshi usanga bitwara amafaranga menshi bitewe n'ubuke bw'amabati hamwe n'amavuta yihariye asabwa kubisabwa bimwe.

Ababikora akenshi bahitamo umuringa wo kumanura indege mugihe igiciro cyambere aricyo kintu cyambere. Umuringa, nubwo uhenze cyane, utanga imbaraga zisumba izindi hamwe no kurwanya ruswa, bigatuma uhitamo guhitamo ibidukikije bikabije. Icyemezo hagati yibi bikoresho giterwa no kuringaniza imbogamizi zingengo yimishinga n'ibisabwa.

Imashini nogutekereza gukora

Imashini igira uruhare runini muguhitamo ubworoherane bwo gukora indege zimanuka. Umuringa ugaragaza imashini nziza cyane bitewe nubushobozi bwawo no gukomera. Uyu mutungo utuma abawukora bakora ibishushanyo mbonera hamwe nibikoresho bike. Umuringa, nubwo uramba, ugaragaza ibibazo bikomeye mugihe cyo gutunganya bitewe nuburemere bwayo bukomeye nimbaraga zikomeye.

Imbonerahamwe ikurikira irerekana ibipimo ngenderwaho byingenzi byerekana imashini n'umuringa:

Ubwoko bwa Alloy	Imbaraga za Tensile (ksi)	Imbaraga Zitanga (ksi)	Kurambura (%)	Gukomera (Brinell)	Imashini (YB)
Umuringa utukura	83	N / A.	32	N / A.	35
Manganese Bronze	86	90	45	48	30
Tin Bronze	90	40	45	21	30

Amanota yo hejuru yimashini ikora neza nibyiza kubisabwa bisaba neza kandi neza. Umuringa, nubwo ikora neza, iracyari uburyo bwiza bwo kumanura indege mubidukikije bitewe nimbaraga za mashini.

Kubungabunga no Kubara Ubuzima

Ibiciro byo kubungabunga no kubaho byubuzima biterwa nigihe kirekire cyibikoresho no kwihanganira kwambara. Umuringa urasaba kubungabungwa kenshi mubidukikije bigenzurwa, kugabanya amafaranga yigihe kirekire. Nyamara, mubihe byangirika cyangwa bihangayikishije cyane, umuringa utanga kuramba neza, bikuraho igiciro cyambere cyambere hamwe no kugabanya inshuro zisimburwa.

Guhitamo ibikoresho byiza byo kumanura indege byerekana imikorere myiza mugihe ugabanije ibiciro muri rusange. Ababikora nka Yuyao Isi Yose Kurwanya Umuriro Uruganda rushyira imbereibisobanuro bifatikagutanga ibisubizo byizewe kandi bidahenze kubisubizo bitandukanye.

Porogaramu hamwe nuburyo bukwiranye nubutaka

Umuringa Wamanuka Kumuringa: Porogaramu Rusange

Umuringa wo kumanura umuringa ukoreshwa cyane mubidukikije aho usanga imitekerereze ikabije hamwe nuburyo bugenzurwa. Uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ruswa no kutoroha bituma bakora uburyo bwo gukingira umuriro mu nzu, nk'inyubako z'ubucuruzi, amazu yo guturamo, hamwe n'aho bakorera. Iyi mibande ikora neza muri sisitemu aho guhura n’imiti ikaze cyangwa ikirere gikabije ari gito.

Ubworoherane bwo gutunganya imiringa ituma abayikora bakora ibishushanyo mbonera, bigatuma biba byiza kubitutu bigenga umuvuduko hamwe na valve igororotse. Byongeye kandi, imiringa igwa kumuringa akenshi ihitamo kubwiza bwayo bwiza, kuko ikomeza kugaragara neza mugihe. Uku guhuza imikorere hamwe nubujurire bugaragara bituma umuringa uhitamo ibyifuzo bisaba imikorere nubushakashatsi bworoshye.

Umuringa Wamanutse Kumuringa: Porogaramu Rusange

Umuringa wo kumanura umuringa usumba ibidukikije bisaba aho kuramba no kurwanya ruswa ari ngombwa. Ibihimbano byabo bikomeye bituma biba byiza muburyo bwo kurinda umuriro hanze, ibikoresho byinganda, hamwe nibisabwa mumazi. Iyi mibande irwanya imihangayiko myinshi kandi irwanya kwambara, ndetse no mubihe bibi nko guhura n’amazi yumunyu cyangwa ubushyuhe bukabije.

Imbaraga zisumba izindi za bronze hamwe nuburyo bwo guteranya buke bituma bikwiranye na sisitemu yumuvuduko ukabije hamwe ninshingano ziremereye. Kurugero, umuringa wamanuka wumuringa ukoreshwa mububiko bwubwato, kumurongo wo hanze, no mubihingwa bya shimi. Ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwihanganira ibidukikije bigoye bituma umutekano wigihe kirekire n'umutekano muri sisitemu zikomeye zo kurinda umuriro.

Guhitamo Ibikoresho Byukuri Kubikenewe Byihariye

Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye kuri aindegeBiterwa nibisabwa nibisabwa nibidukikije. Umuringa ni amahitamo meza kubidukikije cyangwa murugo bidahwitse bitewe nubushobozi bwayo, imashini, hamwe no kurwanya ruswa. Ibinyuranyo, umuringa ubereye neza guhangayikishwa cyane cyangwa kwangirika, aho imbaraga nigihe kirekire aribyo byingenzi.

Abakora nka Yuyao Uruganda rwibikoresho byo kurwanya umuriro ku isitanga urutonde rwibimanuka bigendanye na porogaramu zitandukanye. Gusobanukirwa ibyifuzo byihariye bya sisitemu yo gukingira umuriro byemeza guhitamo ibikoresho bibereye, kuzamura imikorere ya valve no kuramba.

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Umuringa n'umuringa biratandukanye mubigize, kurwanya ruswa, kuramba, nigiciro. Umuringa utanga ubushobozi kandi bworoshye, mugihe umuringa urusha imbaraga imbaraga no kwihangana. Guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye biterwa nibidukikije nibisabwa. Gusobanukirwa ibintu bifatika byerekana ko indege zimanuka zikora neza kandi zikaramba muri sisitemu zo gukingira umuriro.

Ibibazo

Nibihe bintu byingenzi ugomba gusuzuma muguhitamo hagati yumuringa nu muringa umanuka?

Suzuma ibidukikije, imihangayiko, na bije. Umuringa ukwiranye nibidukikije bigenzurwa, mugihe umuringa uruta iyindi ihangayikishije cyane.

Nigute kurwanya ruswa bitandukanya umuringa n'umuringa?

Umuringa urwanya ruswa mubihe bitarenze. Umuringa utanga imbaraga zo guhangana cyane cyane mubidukikije byo mu nyanja cyangwa mu nganda, bitewe nuburyo bukomeye.

Ese imiringa igwa kumuringa irahenze kuruta umuringa?

Nibyo, umuringa muri rusange birashoboka cyane kubera ibiyigize hamwe na mashini. Nyamara, umuringa uramba urashobora kugabanya igihe kirekire cyo gusimbuza ibiciro.